Dynamic transmission line modeling and real-time fault analysis using ABCD parameters enhanced by equivalent <i>π</i> -model for accurate efficiency and voltage stability assessment

Abstract Efficient and reliable electricity transmission is a fundamental requirement for modern power systems, particularly for long-distance networks where transmission losses and voltage regulation challenges significantly impact overall system performance. This study proposes an enhanced ABCD parameter-based transmission line model, integrating an equivalent π -model, to improve the accuracy of power loss calculations, voltage regulation, and transmission efficiency. Unlike traditional models, this approach accurately captures the effects of temperature variations, aging infrastructure, and real-time load conditions, ensuring more precise power system analysis. Extensive simulations in MATLAB/Simulink validate the model’s effectiveness, demonstrating an efficiency improvement of up to 88.8% for long transmission lines, ensuring compliance with IEEE standards. Furthermore, the model features an automated alert system that warns users if efficiency drops below 95%, making it a practical tool for grid operation and planning. These findings underscore the model’s potential for optimizing transmission line design, particularly in rural electrification projects and renewable energy integration, where efficient power delivery is crucial.