Neuroplasticidade e recuperação motora após o acidente vascular cerebral: contribuições da fisioterapia para a reabilitação funcional

Stroke is one of the leading causes of functional disability in adults, resulting in motor, sensory, and cognitive impairments that significantly affect patients' independence and quality of life. In this context, advances in Neuroscience have expanded the understanding of neuroplasticity mechanisms and contributed to the development of more effective physiotherapeutic interventions for functional rehabilitation. This study aimed to analyze the contributions of Neuroscience to motor recovery after stroke, emphasizing the role of physiotherapy in promoting neuroplasticity and functional recovery. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study developed through a bibliographic literature review conducted in the SciELO, PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, and Google Scholar databases, considering studies published between 2016 and 2026. The literature analysis demonstrated that therapeutic strategies such as task-oriented training, mirror therapy, virtual reality, neuromodulation, and sensory stimulation have the potential to promote cortical reorganization, improve motor recovery, and increase functional independence, especially when based on motor learning principles and intensive practice. It is concluded that Neuroscience provides an important scientific foundation for Neurofunctional Physiotherapy by supporting individualized, evidence-based interventions capable of enhancing functional recovery and improving the quality of life of individuals affected by stroke.