M. S. Elborlsy, Ramadan M. Mostafa, H.E. Keshta, Mohamed A. Ghalib
Effective management of modern electrical grids requires intelligent and adaptable control mechanisms to effectively balance power supply and demand, particularly in times of significant disturbances. Microgrids predominantly harness renewable energy sources (RES), which are inherently variable, for electricity generation. However, due to these fluctuations, conventional control systems often struggle to optimize performance under diverse operational conditions. This study addresses the need for improved frequency regulation in isolated AC microgrids (MGs) by proposing a fuzzy PI (FPI) controller capable of dynamically adjusting control strategies to accommodate disturbances such as three-phase faults, sudden changes in load, and variations in solar irradiance. A comparison is made between the FPI controller and the conventional Proportional-Integral (PI) controller to assess how well the former preserves frequency stability and the latter maximizes power extraction from the system. Through a comparative analysis, the research demonstrates the superior efficiency of the FPI controller in maintaining frequency stability within isolated AC microgrid systems. The best settings for the PI and FPI controller parameters are found using the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA).