The venezuelan scientific diaspora as a transnational actor: knowledge circulation, STI cooperation, and development.

This study examines the potential of the Venezuelan scientific diaspora to contribute to the development and strengthening of scientific and technological ecosystems in their countries and regions of residence. This study examines the engagement capacities, interests, collaborative practices, and perceived barriers of the Venezuelan scientific diaspora residing across different world regions. It further considers how these transnational capacities could support STI cooperation involving Venezuela and Latin America and the Caribbean. The methodology combines qualitative and quantitative approaches. Firstly, the article draws on the literature on scientific diasporas, transnational knowledge circulation, and ecosystem resilience to analyze the scientific diaspora as a transnational actor. Secondly, an online survey broadens the empirical base by capturing the experiences and perspectives of Venezuelan scientists abroad beyond formal networks. Thirdly, participatory focus groups with representatives of the Venezuelan scientific diaspora worldwide are used to identify key activities, strategies, and mechanisms of engagement. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the barriers to and opportunities for international cooperation and culminate in a set of actionable recommendations to strengthen the role of the Venezuelan scientific diaspora in advancing regional scientific and technological international collaboration.