Ecological management zoning of the Dongting Lake basin based on coupling coordination between ecosystem service and land use intensity.

Under the backdrop of rapid urbanization, the imbalance between supply and demand of ecosystem ser-vices has become a major issue affecting watershed ecological security and sustainable development. Exploring the spatial supply-demand pattern of ecological space and zoning-based management and control is of great significance for supporting efficient management of regional ecological risks. Taking the Dongting Lake basin as an example, we employed the InVEST model to quantify the single and comprehensive supply-demand patterns of four typical ecosystem services (soil conservation, carbon sequestration, habitat quality, and water yield) in 2020. We further used the bivariate local spatial autocorrelation model and coupling coordination model to explore the coupling between "supply-demand state-land use intensity", and delineated ecological management zones. The results showed that the supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake basin exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity in 2020. Natural ecosystems such as forest, grassland, and water body had relatively high supply, and the spatial distribution of the supply-demand relationship was relatively uniform. Construction land and cropland had relatively high demand, with spatial heterogeneity of the supply-demand relationship. The average supply-demand ratio of ecosystem services was 0.06, dominated by the low supply-low demand and low supply-high demand types. The supply-demand ratios of ecosystem services varied significantly among different land use types, with that of construction land being -0.62, showing the most prominent supply deficit, while forest (0.43) and grassland (0.33) exhibiting obvious supply surplus. The coupling coordination degree between the supply-demand ratio of ecosystem services and land use intensity exhibited a spatial pattern of "high in the periphery and low in the central area". Based on this, four ecological management zones were delineated, namely ecological supply-demand coordination zone, ecological enhancement guidance zone, ecological risk restoration zone, and urban development control zone. Our results would provide scientific reference for the ecological management of the Dongting Lake basin.