Karol Abratkiewicz
This chapter examines methods for estimating the kinematic parameters of targets observed by active and passive radar systems. It starts by describing fundamental signal processing techniques that allow for target range determination and the estimation of motion parameters such as velocity, acceleration, and higher-order derivatives. Building upon the concepts introduced earlier, the text presents advanced estimators capable of extracting higher-order motion components from radar returns, which is crucial in scenarios involving maneuvering or weak targets. A significant section discusses techniques for enhancing signal concentration and noise flattening in both active and passive radars, demonstrating how improved time-frequency methods and decomposition strategies can significantly increase estimation accuracy. Examples illustrate the practical application of these methods in challenging environments where signals are nonstationary or heavily contaminated by noise. By coherently combining theoretical principles with advanced analytical tools, the chapter provides a robust framework for kinematic analysis, equipping the reader with the methods needed to characterize complex target motion in modern radar systems.