Thiago Mendes Sansevero, Danielle Rodrigues de Oliveira, Gabriela de Amorim Ferreira Antonio, José Alberto Paris
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting represents one of the most important technological innovations in contemporary Biomedicine, integrating knowledge from tissue engineering, cell biology, biomaterials, and regenerative medicine to develop biological structures capable of reproducing the anatomical and functional characteristics of human tissues. This technology has expanded the possibilities of biomedical research, personalized medicine, and the development of new therapeutic strategies, standing out as an important tool for the production of experimental models, drug evaluation, and tissue regeneration. In this context, the present study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence related to 3D bioprinting in Biomedicine, addressing its foundations, main applications, challenges, and future perspectives. This is a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study developed through an integrative literature review using scientific articles indexed in PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, published between 2016 and 2025. The results demonstrated that three-dimensional bioprinting presents promising applications in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, pharmacology, oncology, and personalized medicine, contributing to the development of biological models that more accurately represent human physiology and to the advancement of translational research. However, challenges related to tissue vascularization, maintenance of cell viability, improvement of bioinks, development of biomaterials, regulation, and clinical validation still limit its widespread clinical application. It is concluded that 3D bioprinting has great potential to transform Biomedicine in the coming decades by expanding diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative possibilities. Nevertheless, the consolidation of this technology will depend on continued scientific research, technological innovation, and the establishment of regulatory frameworks capable of ensuring its ethical, safe, and effective application.