ՇՐՋԱԿԱ ՄԻՋԱՎԱՅՐԻ ՎԵՐԱԲԵՐՅԱԼ ՎԵՃԵՐԻ ԼՈՒԾՈՒՄԸ ԱՐԲԻՏՐԱԺԻ ՄԻՋՈՑՈՎ

This article, employing the methods of comparative legal analysis and constitutional law doctrine, substantiates the necessity of establishing a specialized arbitral institution, namely an “Environmental Court,” within the structure of the “Independent Environmental Protection Council” for the resolution of certain categories of environmental disputes. The study examines the Optional Rules for Arbitration of Disputes Relating to the Environment and/or Natural Resources (2001) adopted by the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), as well as the international experience of the National Green Tribunal of India, the Land and Environment Court of New South Wales (Australia), and other specialized environmental courts and tribunals. The article proposes a model of limited subject-matter jurisdiction, according to which the proposed arbitral institution would not consider all environmental disputes, but only particularly complex, mass, or large-scale disputes, as well as disputes arising from breaches of mining license conditions or licensing agreements.