Understanding the Multi-eruption and Multi-volcanic Activities of Kirishima Volcano over Different Time Scales

Kirishima Volcano is a multiple volcano consisting of a complex of small volcanoes inside the volcanic edifice. For example, seven volcanoes developed as small volcanoes and produced many magmatic eruptions during the Holocene. Many eruption records of Kirishima Volcano, which indicate eruptions at the Ohachi, Shinmoedake, and Ebinokogen-Ioyama volcanoes, have been found in historical documents. Besides, eruptions at these volcanoes have been observed recently through geophysical monitoring and geological observations. In particular, a synchronous eruption occurred at the Shinmoedake and Ioyama volcanoes in 2018. Kirishima Volcano is a unique volcano, which has had multiple volcanic or eruption activities within its area in different time scales. Described are multiple eruption activities of similar eruption sequence cycles over different time scales exhibited by Kirishima Volcano, which are demonstrated by historical eruption records of historic eruptions, and material and geophysical analyses of recent eruptions. The current state of research and potential for future potential multiple volcanic activity are described.