The Doctoral Supervision in Transition

An increasing number of doctoral education programmes have adopted team supervision models. This shift has introduced significant demands on the functioning of supervisory teams. In response, a range of rules and policies have been developed at both national and institutional levels. Drawing on a comparative study of such rules and policies in three countries – Finland, Sweden, and Türkiye – this chapter explores how team supervision is formally regulated and how regulatory approaches vary across national and institutional contexts. We further discuss how rules and policies support the transition to team supervision and highlight the need to understand supervision as a negotiated practice.