The Impacts of Global Climate Change and Environmental Security on Fruits and Vegetables—A Policy–Technology Nexus Perspective

Global climate change exerts a systematic threat to the yield stability, nutritional quality, pest and disease control, and supply chain security of the fruit and vegetable industry via multiple ways, including altering temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, rainfall, ocean acidification, and soil deterioration. To tackle climate change, actions like carbon pricing and low-carbon technologies not only promote emission reduction but also impose pressure and economic difficulties on farmers, producers, logistics, transport, etc. This review, from an integrated view of "policy-technology relationship", begins by summarizing the impacts of the aforementioned climate factors and systematically analyzes the influence of climate, policy, and technology on the fruit and vegetable industry. The research shows that the solution lies in the strategic cooperation between policies and technologies: technological innovation (e.g., controlled environment agriculture) offers potential for establishing resilient production systems, yet its successful implementation largely relies on forward-looking policy support and infrastructure investment, particularly the initial investment in renewable energy. Therefore, this paper puts forward an integrated framework intended for designing "resilient" fruit and vegetable systems, offering new theoretical foundations and path options for the coordinated advancement of climate mitigation and global nutrition security goals. This work offers an integrated framework for designing antifragile fruit and vegetable systems, harmonizing climate mitigation (SDG 13) with nutritional security (SDG 2) through strategically coordinated policy and technology interventions.