Sergio Castorina, Stefano Puleo, Caterina Crescimanno, Salvatore Pezzino
Current challenges in anatomical teachings, such as cadaver shortages, ethical limitations, and restricted access to pathological specimens, are increasingly being mitigated by advancing medical technologies, and among these are three-dimensional modeling technology and multi-material bioprinting. These innovations could facilitate a deeper understanding of complex anatomical components while encouraging an interactive learning environment that accommodates diverse educational needs. These technologies have the capacity to transform anatomy education, yielding better-prepared healthcare practitioners. Combining artificial intelligence with acquired medical images makes it easier to reconstruct anatomy and saves time while still being very accurate. This review seeks to thoroughly assess the current landscape of advanced three-dimensional printing, multi-material bioprinting, and related technologies used in anatomical education. It aims to consolidate evidence related to their educational effectiveness and to outline potential pathways for clinical applications and research development.