Latin America in the face of the expansion of BRICS plus: geopolitical tensions in a transforming world order

The expansion of the BRICS forum scheme to BRICS Plus in 2024 represents a turning point in the reconfiguration of the contemporary world system, strengthening South–South cooperation and challenging the historical hegemony of the United States, with significant effects for Latin America and the Caribbean. In this context, the new National Security Policy implemented by the Trump administration in December 2025 represents another critical juncture that highlights the way in which the United States recycle the idea of “America to the Americans.” The transition from the “Monroe doctrine” to the “Donroe doctrine” marks a milestone in the Latin American region, highlighting a more aggressive and violent United States foreign policy based on pure domination. These inflexions intensify the crisis and the potential collapse of the interstate consensus of the second postwar period, highlighting the depth of the systemic chaos. From a focus based on World System Analysis and Critical Political Economy, the work examines contemporary economic and geopolitical structures. The analysis shows that the growing force of gravitation of the BRICS further intensifies geopolitical tensions in the region, deepening the dispute over strategic resources while also generating opportunities to diversify international alliances. At the same time, the new Donroe doctrine aims to convert the Latin American region into the exclusive provider of the United States, restricting the dynamics of trade, investment and cooperation with other world powers. The work concludes with a reflection on the current situation and the potential structural transformations of the world economy.