Evolution of the legal-contractual, institutional and organizational formats of scientific and educational cooperation between Russia and Uzbekistan (1990s–2024)

The article examines the evolution of the legal, contractual, and institutional foundations of scientific and educational cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan from 1990s to 2024. It analyzes the key stages in the development of bilateral relations in the fields of science and education, starting from the first intergovernmental agreements of the post-Soviet period to the modern forms of strategic partnership. Particular attention is paid to the development of the regulatory framework, the establishment of joint educational programs, branches of Russian universities in Uzbekistan, as well as the activities of intergovernmental commissions and scientific foundations. The study identifies the main trends in the institutionalization of cooperation, including the strengthening of integration processes, the expansion of academic mobility, and the implementation of innovative educational technologies.