Addya Singh, Ankit Kumar, Hari Shankar Singh, Anurag ., Mayank Kumar, Sanjay Babu, Naveen Kumar Maurya, Mandeep Kumar, Nisha Yadav, Durgesh Kumar Maurya
The use of marker-assisted selection (MAS) has transformed plant breeding through the ability to select directly for disease resistance genotypes in an accurate and rapid way. The combined approach of principles, methodologies, and applications of MAS to improve disease resistance in important crops is discussed in this article. We also cover the benefits of MAS relative to traditional plant breeding, types of molecular markers employed, and successful examples in wheat, barley, and non cereal crops. We also discuss bottlenecks associated with MAS implementation, such as marker reliability, costs and genetic background effects, and new technologies including genomic selection and high-throughput genotyping that are shaping the future of disease resistance breeding.