Experimental Study on the Performance of a Vapor Compression Refrigeration System Using Alternative Refrigerants

This study experimentally examines the performance of a vapor compression refrigeration (VCR) system charged with four refrigerants R134a, R600a, R290, and R1234yf with a dual focus on thermodynamic performance and environmental impact. The investigation covers key indicators such as coefficient of performance (COP), cooling capacity, compressor power consumption, and discharge temperature, along with comparative assessments of volumetric cooling capacity, compressor displacement, and Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP). Experimental outcomes indicate that the hydrocarbon options, R600a and R290, provide up to 15% higher COP than R134a while maintaining a markedly lower global warming potential (GWP). Although R1234yf delivers slightly reduced efficiency (about 5–10% lower), it stands out as a viable replacement refrigerant owing to its extremely low GWP (<1) and compliance with current environmental regulations. Overall, the results highlight the trade-offs between efficiency, safety, and sustainability, offering guidance for system designers and policymakers aiming to align refrigeration practices with the Kigali Amendment.