Georgiy Ratushniak
The current problem of ensuring the reliability and safety of operation of tower structures, which are complex engineering objects, is considered by means of regular and high-precision geodetic monitoring of their spatial position and deformation values, in particular the values of the roll. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources, the feasibility of further development of the substantiation toolkit and the choice of the methodology for implementing geodetic monitoring in studying the deformations of tower structures is substantiated.An analysis of studies on assessing the accuracy of traditional methods of geodetic measurements and modern satellite technologies in determining deformations of structures, including rolls, is presented. The roll of existing tower structures, depending on the required accuracy, the height of the structure and the conditions of the terrain, is determined by the following methods: coordinates, directions, small angles, vertical projection, zenith distances, high-precision leveling of settlement marks, directions from one reference point and stereophotogrammetric. Methods for calculating the required accuracy of determining the tilt of tower structures are selected depending on the method of its determination, the values of physical quantities measured by geodetic instruments, namely angles, distances and elevations.According to the results of assessing the accuracy of each method, the expediency of taking into account the combined influence of systematic and random errors on the results of geodetic measurements is emphasized. The absence of a systematic scientific and methodological substantiation of the mathematical apparatus for assessing the accuracy of geodetic monitoring of tower structures, taking into account the set of factors characterized by quantitative and qualitative values, is noted.To calculate the accuracy of geodetic measurements, taking into account the influence of random and systematic errors on the results of determining the tilt of tower structures, it is advisable to use the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets and linguistic variables. The method of identifying nonlinear objects using fuzzy knowledge bases allows using expert-linguistic information in multifactorial analysis of the influence of quantitative and qualitative factors on the objective function, which can be taken as the required accuracy of determining the tilt of tower structures. A hierarchical relationship of the factors influencing the reliability of the results for assessing the accuracy of determining the tilt of tower structures is proposed.