Energy Consumption Indicators in Residential Buildings in North-Eastern Poland

Thermal energy consumption in selected buildings in three residential estates in a city in northeastern Poland was analysed based on recorded data from 2010 to 2021. Multifamily buildings of varying construction technology, floor area, and number of stories were examined. 47 residential buildings were analysed, some of which contained commercial premises related to services for the estate's residents. These buildings meet current thermal protection standards, have unheated basements, and the top floors are generally heated and occupied. Outside air temperature was considered based on archived meteorological data and standard climate data. Electricity and gas consumption in this city was also analysed for selected apartments occupied by one adult, two adults, and a family of four, based on actual consumption. The aim of this article is to obtain better energy consumption estimates in the event of metering device failures, as well as to better forecast energy consumption based on the size of residential buildings and the number of occupants than is possible based on building design data. The findings may be useful in estimating lump sum fees that consider actual energy consumption in the form of heat, electricity, or gas combustion, as well as in planning residential renewable energy sources. The analysis of buildings' thermal energy consumption is particularly interesting because in recent years, there have been no occurred values of calculated outside air temperatures for winter. The calculations consider real outside air temperatures based on historical meteorological measurement data.