The environmental situation in Kazan as assessed by the population: dynamics and factors for improvement

This article analyzes population assessments of the environmental situation in Kazan. The study is relevant because it aims to identify discrepancies between official indicators of environmental well-being and subjective assessments of the population, as well as to study the mechanisms and factors shaping pro-environmental norms. The study aimed to analyze subjective assessments of the environmental situation by the population of Kazan and conduct a comparative analysis with the results of previously conducted surveys. The research method was mass online surveys conducted by the authors in 2022 (n = 696 people) and 2025 (n = 761 people). The use of a quantitative research strategy allowed us to draw general conclusions regarding the dynamics of environmental assessments, as well as to identify the factors influencing it. Based on the study, the authors conclude that the environmental situation in Kazan has improved somewhat compared to 2005, which became possible due to the actualization of this issue at the federal and regional levels. The novelty of this study lies in the comparison of the author's findings with data from 2005 and 2012, identifying patterns and differences in environmental assessments. The practical significance lies in the potential for government agencies to use these findings to develop Kazan as a "green city."