Phytochemical Profile and Long-Term Physiological Effects of Green Coffee Bean Extract on Body Composition, Hematological Indices, and Liver Integrity in Experimental Rats.

This study evaluated the 90-day effects of aqueous green coffee bean extract on body weight, anthropometric indices, hematological parameters, and hepatic morphology in Wistar rats, together with phytochemical characterization. Acute toxicity was also assessed. Adult Wistar rats (n = 24) were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 6/group): control (distilled water) and extract-treated groups receiving 150, 300, or 450 mg/kg body weight orally once daily for 90 consecutive days. Body weight was monitored weekly, while anthropometric, hematological, relative liver-weight, and histological assessments were performed at the end of treatment. Acute toxicity testing produced no mortality up to 5000 mg/kg. Compared with controls, extract-treated rats showed significant reductions in body-weight gain, body mass index, and specific body-mass gain (p < 0.005). RBC counts were significantly reduced in all treated groups while platelet count was significantly reduced at 450 mg/kg (p < 0.005). Histological examination showed preserved hepatic architecture, although mild cellular swelling and sinusoidal dilation occurred at 450 mg/kg. GC-MS identified caffeine, quinic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-methylbenzaldehyde, and n-hexadecanoic acid. Overall, 90-day exposure was associated with reduced weight gain and alterations in selected hematological indices, while no major structural hepatic damage was observed under the experimental conditions.