Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of <scp> <i>Baccaurea motleyana</i> </scp> Fruit Extract in Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Baccaurea motleyana (Rambai) is traditionally consumed in Southeast Asia and used ethnomedicinally, yet its toxicological profile remains unclear. This study evaluated the acute and subacute oral toxicity of its aqueous fruit extract (AE‐BMF) in Wistar rats. AE‐BMF was prepared from fresh pulp. Acute toxicity was assessed at 2000 mg/kg, while subacute toxicity was tested for 28 days at 400 mg/kg/day and 800 mg/kg/day. Physiological, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. No mortality or overt toxicity was observed in the acute study (LD 50 > 2000 mg/kg). In the subacute study, AE‐BMF at 800 mg/kg reduced body weight gain, water intake, and food intake, and increased relative liver weight by 15.8% ( p < 0.05). Biochemical analysis showed reductions in creatinine (0.50 ± 0.03 mg/dL, p < 0.01), uric acid (9.1 ± 0.6 mg/dL, p < 0.01), total cholesterol (73.5 ± 3.1 mg/dL, p < 0.01), and triglycerides (39.8 ± 3.3 mg/dL, p < 0.001) at 800 mg/kg dose. ALT rose moderately at 800 mg/kg (108.4 ± 6.0 U/L, p < 0.05). Hematological changes included increased RBC (7.70 ± 0.28 × 10 6 /mm 3 , p < 0.01), hemoglobin (14.4 ± 0.3 g/dL, p < 0.001), platelets (585 ± 18 × 10 3 /mm 3 , p < 0.001), and lymphocytes (57.3% ± 1.9%, p < 0.01). Histology confirmed normal kidneys with only mild hepatic alterations at a dose of 800 mg/kg. AE‐BMF is safe at doses up to 800 mg/kg, demonstrating hypolipidemic, hematopoietic, and immunostimulatory effects. Mild hepatic changes at higher doses suggest the need for cautious use and longer‐term studies.