Peripheral refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes: <i>in vitro</i> evaluation and optical simulation

We present a systematic assessment of peripheral refractive errors in pseudophakic eyes. Optical bench measurements were performed using a physical eye model to characterize the peripheral cylinder of eight different intraocular lens (IOL) models of approximate power 20 D, covering different IOL types (monofocal, enhanced monofocal, extended depth of focus, bifocal, trifocal) and technologies (refractive, diffractive, wavefront-shaping) from several manufacturers. In addition, optical simulations were done for average and personalized pseudophakic eye models. Peripheral cylinder at 20° visual field was similar for all IOLs (range -2.24 to -2.87 D). Simulations in average eye models further showed the peripheral cylinder to be independent of pupil size, retinal radius of curvature (ROC), and IOL technology (-2.31 to -2.62 D across all conditions). Peripheral blur parameter (range 1.24 to 2.03 D across all conditions) showed small variations with IOL technology and ROC but negligible change with different pupil sizes. For simulations with personalized eye models, the peripheral cylinder and blur showed small variation across different IOL technologies.