C. Zhang, Jin Wen, Youling Zhang, Zhuoran Tang, Ting Peng, Shilin Wang, Qinglin Tang
). The data show that while the swollen stem exhibits advantages in morphological traits such as cross-sectional area and diameter, its phloroglucinol-stained area, cell compactness in stained regions, and lignin and hemicellulose content are significantly lower than those in the root-stem node. Moreover, the root-stem node shows significantly upregulated expression of key lignin biosynthesis genes and specifically activated phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. This dataset reveals quantitative differences in lignin deposition and related gene expression between the two stem types and provides a fundamental resource for molecular marker screening, research on lodging resistance mechanisms, and breeding of varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting.