A Qualitative Exploration of the Barriers and Facilitators for Physical Activity Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity is vital for the health of mothers and their newborns during pregnancy and postpartum. However, many pregnant women do not meet recommended activity levels. AIM: This study investigates the barriers and facilitators affecting physical activity in pregnant and postpartum women in Saudi Arabia to inform targeted interventions. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive approach guided this study. Twenty participants were recruited through purposive convenience sampling from antenatal and postnatal clinics at Alyamamh Hospital in Riyadh until data saturation was achieved. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews lasting 40 to 50 minutes, focusing on experiences, barriers, and motivators related to physical activity. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using NVivo 20 software via thematic analysis. The research team consisted of rehabilitation sciences professionals who engaged in reflexive practices throughout data collection and analysis. FINDINGS: Participants had diverse socioeconomic backgrounds, with ages ranging from 23 to 39. Pregnant participants were between 9 and 36 weeks of gestational age, while postpartum participants were within four weeks of delivery. Five key themes emerged: Navigating Physical and Emotional Barriers, Motivated by Health and Well-being, Misinformation and Missed Opportunities, Safe and Practical Choices, and Broader Implications. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study examines the challenges and facilitators of physical activity among pregnant and postpartum women in Saudi Arabia. Culturally relevant interventions and improved healthcare support can enhance maternal and neonatal health and promote physical activity during these critical periods.