Experiences of physical activity during pregnancy: a phenomenological study among Sri Lankan primigravid women

Physical activity (PA) during pregnancy improves maternal and fetal outcomes, yet cultural factors may influence behavior. Despite its advantages, the majority of pregnant women do not follow PA recommendations during pregnancy. Therefore, this study aimed to explore experiences of PA among Sri Lankan pregnant women. A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted with primigravid women attending antenatal clinics at a tertiary care hospital in Sri Lanka. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted until data saturation was reached (n = 19). Data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis framework. Five themes emerged (1) Modification of PA with some restrictions (2) Avoidance of PA other than self-care activities (3) Increasing sedentary period (4) Focusing on psychological relaxation and (5) Time allocation for leisure activities with number of sub themes. Most participants reported a decline in physical activity compared to the pre-pregnancy period, influenced by fear of fetal harm, physical discomfort, family advice, and culturally embedded beliefs emphasizing rest. Physical activity patterns among Sri Lankan primigravid women shift toward restriction and increased sedentary behavior during pregnancy, largely driven by sociocultural influences and safety perceptions. Culturally sensitive antenatal counseling is essential to promote safe and informed engagement in physical activity.