Applications of magnetized blood based hybrid nanofluid in biotechnology and medical sciences: An investigation of chemical reactive flow and heat source using classical and modified Hamilton–Crosser models

This study examines the chemically reactive magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a hybrid nanofluid composed of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) suspended in the base fluid blood, flowing within a stenosed artery. The model incorporates thermal radiation, Joule heating and non-uniform internal heat generation. The similarity transformations alter the governing equations into nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are then resolved numerically using MATLAB’s Bvp4 solver. Comparison of classical and modified Hamilton–Crosser hybrid thermal conductivity models is made to establish their effect on heat and mass transport. Findings indicate that radiation, Eckert number and internal heat generation increase temperature, whereas an increase in Schmidt and chemical-reaction parameters prevents concentration. The modified Hamilton–Crosser model always gives significantly higher values of Nusselt number than the classical model. Such results demonstrate the significance of conductivity model in the application in magnetic nanoparticle therapies, biomedical heat-management and targeted drug delivery.