Magneto-thermal analysis of tri-hybrid blood-based nanofluid flow at a stagnation point over a stretching cylinder under Joule heating

This study investigates the flow and heat transfer behavior of a ternary hybrid nanofluid composed of gold ( A u ) , silicon dioxide ( S i O 2 ) , and titanium dioxide ( T i O 2 ) nanoparticles dispersed in blood, representing a biologically relevant medium for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia therapy, and diagnostic imaging. The research focuses on stagnation-point flow over a cylindrically stretching surface, simulating arterial flow subjected to external thermal and magnetic effects. The fundamental partial differential formulations were systematically reduced to a set of coupled ordinary differential equations through the application of appropriate transformations, numerically tackled via MATLAB’s bvp4c solver. The validation of the numerical approach against benchmark studies confirmed the accuracy of the results. Key findings reveal that increasing magnetic field strength and porosity parameter suppressed the velocity profile. Elevated Eckert number broadened the thermal boundary layer thickness. Nanofluid concentration levels improved with stronger thermophoretic activity, while larger Lewis number diminished nanoparticle concentration. Wall shear stress exhibited a downward trend under intensified magnetic and porous conditions. Furthermore, heat transfer weakened in response to Eckert number, magnetic effects and Brownian motion, yet was augmented by the Biot number. Enhanced Lewis number contributed to an increase in mass transfer rate. These results highlight the effectiveness of tri-hybrid nanofluids in improving thermal and mass transfer performance in biologically relevant flows and provide essential guidance for the design of advanced biomedical devices and thermal management systems. • Flow of non-Newtonian Williamson fluid Model over an axisymmetric stretching cylinder is considered. • Tri-hybrid nanofluid with blood based three different nanoparticles analysis is engaged. • Joule heating, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis effects are considered. • An effective numerical method is engaged to handle the boundary value problem.