zahra zojaji, Taher Alizadeh
Nano-graphite (NG) has emerged as a promising material for the development of sensitive electrochemical sensors due to its exceptional electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. This study presents a novel approach for synthesizing NG using a physical method that minimizes the use of harmful solvents and chemicals, thereby enhancing environmental sustainability and safety. The unique properties of NG, including its high surface area and superior electrical conductivity, make it an ideal candidate for electrochemical sensors. Nano-graphite paste electrodes (NGPE) were fabricated and demonstrated their capability to detect Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II) ions simultaneously. The calibration curves show a strong linear correlation, with detection limits of 0.018 nM for Cd 2+ , 0.003 nM for Pb 2+ , 0.016 nM for Cu 2+ , and 0.078 nM for Hg 2+ ions. This sensor, compared to traditional ones, offers significantly improved detection limits, making it highly effective for environmental monitoring and public health applications and demonstrating its applicability in real-sample testing, such as spiked tap water samples. This balance between simplicity, sensitivity, and selectivity makes the present method particularly attractive for real-world applications where both effectiveness and practicality are essential.