Comparative Efficacy of Non‐Pharmacological Interventions on Fatigue, Depression, and Quality of Life in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Network Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological interventions (NPIs) have been shown to be effective in reducing fatigue, depression, and improving quality of life (QoL) in patients with lung cancer. However, given the diversity of NPIs, the most effective intervention remains to be confirmed. OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of different NPIs in reducing fatigue, depression, and improving QoL in patients with lung cancer. METHODS: Six databases were searched from inception to May 10, 2025. Two reviewers independently screened studies and extracted data. A pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis were performed sequentially to determine the efficacy of different NPIs in improving fatigue, depression, and QoL in patients with lung cancer. RESULTS: A total of 58 studies involving 13 NPIs were included. The top three NPIs for reducing fatigue were acupuncture, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and nutritional intervention. Meanwhile, ACT, cognitive behavioral therapy, and body-mind-spirit intervention ranked among the top three in improving depression. ACT emerged as the most effective intervention in improving QoL, followed by nutritional intervention and mind-body exercise. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: This study revealed the efficacy ranking of different NPIs in reducing fatigue, depression, and improving QoL in patients with lung cancer. Clinical healthcare professionals should be encouraged to utilize these potentially effective NPIs to improve health outcomes in patients with lung cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registration Number: PROSPERO (CRD420251087360).