Physical Activity Interventions Using Digital Health Interventions for Cancer-Related Fatigue in People With a History of Cancer: Scoping Review

BACKGROUND Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and persistent symptoms experienced by cancer survivors. Exercise has been proven effective in alleviating CRF, yet traditional face-to-face programs may not be accessible due to physical, temporal, or geographical barriers. Digital health interventions (DHIs) offer a scalable and accessible alternative to deliver exercise-based strategies. OBJECTIVE To examine the characteristics and effectiveness of digital health-based physical activity interventions on CRF. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across four databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, PsycINFO) up to June 2024. Inclusion criteria comprised experimental studies involving adult cancer survivors, digital exercise interventions, a control group, and fatigue outcomes. The review followed NECA guidelines and PRISMA 2020 standards and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022304285). RESULTS Twenty studies with a combined total of 2,657 participants were included. The majority (85%) were randomized controlled trials, with interventions delivered via mobile applications, web platforms, wearable devices, Xbox programs, and augmented reality. Breast cancer was the most commonly studied cancer type. Of the 18 analyzed interventions, 11 showed statistically significant reductions in CRF, particularly those using mobile apps or wearable devices. The most common fatigue measurement tool was the FACIT-F scale. Most interventions were classified as grade C based on the Evidence Standards Framework, focusing on treatment rather than self-management or cost-saving outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Digital health-based physical activity interventions demonstrate significant potential for alleviating CRF in cancer survivors. However, current evidence is concentrated in breast cancer populations and mid-aged adults. Future research should expand to diverse cancer types, include multi-component interventions, and address digital health literacy to improve accessibility and equity in CRF management.