Balancing Participation and Speed: A Polycentric Governance Lens on Renewable‐Energy Siting

ABSTRACT Siting and permitting for renewable projects vary in process and authority structures. Such variation can create coordination challenges and inconsistent public participation processes. We develop a Governance Trade‐Off Matrix to classify permitting processes by (1) authority structure (polycentric vs. monocentric) and (2) procedural extensiveness (minimal vs. extensive). The matrix shows when jurisdictional dispersion enables timely implementation and when it creates coordination breakdowns. We propose testable hypotheses on how governance design affects project timelines, conflict escalation, and local acceptance. The framework highlights design levers, like single lead agencies, structured public involvement, and statutory shot clocks, to reconcile meaningful local input with urgent climate imperatives.