From emerging viral pathogens to pan-resistant bacteria: toward a post-antibiotic era in immunocompromised patients.

Emerging viral infections and accelerating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have converged into a profound global health crisis, particularly endangering immunocompromised patients. One in six laboratory-confirmed bacterial infections is now resistant to common antibiotics, with resistance rising annually worldwide. AMR was associated with an estimated 4.95 million deaths in 2019 and directly caused 1.27 million deaths, with projections of up to 10 million deaths annually by 2050. Concurrent arboviral outbreaks, such as Oropouche virus, continue to expand geographically. The spread of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance and pan-resistant bacteria threatens modern medical practice, demanding urgent, coordinated global intervention.