Sustainable concrete mix optimization with recycled glass powder and Nano-Silica: a Taguchi method analysis

This research assesses the impact of Recycled Glass Powder (RGP) and Nano-Silica (NS) as partial substitutes for cement on the mechanical, physical, and durability characteristics of concrete. A systematic experimental program was executed with varied concentrations of RGP (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%), NS (0%, 1%, 2%, 3%), and cement content (50%, 55%, 60%, 65%). The findings indicate that the amalgamation of 15% RGP and 1% NS with 65% cement attained the maximum compressive strength of 47.5 MPa, split tensile strength of 4 MPa, and flexural strength of 5.6 MPa. Workability varied from 60 mm to 75 mm, exhibiting enhancement with increasing RGP content due to its smooth texture, while NS decreased workability due to its substantial surface area. The durability attributes were enhanced, as water absorption reduced from 3.4% in RGP-free concrete to 2.6% in mixtures containing 15% RGP and NS combinations. The improvements are ascribed to the pozzolanic activity and the compacted microstructure facilitated by RGP and NS. Statistical studies validated the synergistic effects of RGP and NS on property improvement, underscoring their potential for sustainable and high-performance concrete applications.