Interfacial enhancement in heterogeneous material bonding: a review of strategies and mechanisms

The pursuit of lightweight design in aerospace and beyond has accelerated the adoption of multi-material structures, where adhesive bonding plays a central role. However, can the interfacial weakness – the primary failure point in such heterogeneous bonds – be systematically overcome? This review moves beyond a mere cataloging of techniques to propose a paradigm shift in interfacial engineering. We synthesize global research into a coherent triadic synergy framework, demonstrating how the concerted application of morphological modulation, chemical modification, and multiscale collaborative enhancement can transcend the limitations of single-mechanism approaches. By critically evaluating surface engineering methods and adhesive reinforcement technologies, we provide a roadmap for designing robust, durable interfaces. This work not only summarizes the state of the art but also outlines a clear path forward, addressing the pressing needs for standardization and predictive durability modeling in critical applications.