State governance, unregulated artisanal gold mining and the proliferation of banditry in rural communities in northwest Nigeria

This study explores the relationship that exists between state governance, uncontrolled artisanal gold mining, and banditry, using the political economy of violence framework. The northwest Nigeria has experienced an increase in artisanal gold mining, which, while providing income to impoverished rural areas, also contributes to banditry and criminal activities. Based on qualitative methods, this study reveals how governance failures serve to enable proliferation of banditry, operating with impunity to engage in rural violence and control of mining camps. The study advocates for holistic approaches to improve security, control artisanal mining, and deliver sustainable development to these areas.