Orchestrating thiol chemistry toward durable perovskite solar cells.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) possess exceptional optoelectronic properties, yet their commercialization remains constrained by long-term stability issues. The incorporation of thiol-functionalized molecules has demonstrated significant potential for mitigating these challenges. This review systematically summarizes the applications of thiol molecules according to their spatial distribution within the device: the perovskite/transport layer heterojunction, perovskite bulk, and electrode interfaces. Crucially, we elucidate the intrinsic mechanisms underlying thiol-mediated modifications to guide the development of highly efficient and stable devices. Concluding with an outlook on future trends, this review highlights avenues for innovating new thiol materials to inspire future research endeavors.