PAR-intercalated Mg/Al layered double hydroxide for efficient adsorption of acid fuchsin: experimental study and molecular docking insights

a multi-step mechanism, where external mass transfer dominates the initial stage, followed by intraparticle diffusion at later stages. The PAR-Mg/Al LDH composite also exhibited good reusability over five consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, maintaining high removal efficiency. These findings highlight the effectiveness of PAR-Mg/Al LDH as a promising adsorbent for the removal of anionic dyes from aqueous environments.