Jaime Chacana-Olivares, Begona Peceño, Mario Grágeda, Constanza Cruz, Luís Quintanar Rojas
This paper deals with a critical analysis and perspective of key challenges and opportunities in lithium-ion battery recycling. It examines technical limitations, economic constraints, and regulatory fragmentation, while also identifying opportunities through emerging technologies such as direct recycling, ultrasound-assisted leaching, and bioleaching. It also emphasizes the potential of second-life applications, eco-design integration, and policy innovation to advance a circular, sustainable, and resilient battery value chain.