Performance and emission multi-objective optimization of γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticle-enhanced E10 bioethanol-gasoline combustion in spark-ignition engines.
emissions by 17.08% via the Zeldovich mechanism. Multi-objective optimization identified a global optimum operating point at 2471.87 rpm and 5.88 ppm. At high engine speeds, the nanoparticles stabilized operation by altering heat release dynamics. These findings establish a practical approach for developing optimized, eco-friendly fuel blends.