Gustau Camps-Valls, Alberto Carrassi, Francisco de Melo Viríssimo, Kevin Debeire, Miguel-Ángel Fernández-Torres, Philipp Hess, Helge Heuer, Nathan Mankovich, David Montero, Esther Rodrigo-Bonet, Federico Serva, Vasileios Sitokonstantinou, Alistair White, Kai-Hendrik Cohrs, Jonathan Wider, Christian Reimers, Nikolaos Ioannis Bountos, Ioannis Papoutsis, Pierre Gentine, Veronika Eyring
Weather and climate shape every aspect of our lives, yet for decades they have been studied as separate worlds-one concerned with what happens tomorrow, the other with what awaits us over the coming decades. This long-standing divide has slowed progress in both fields. Here, we argue that artificial intelligence (AI) is helping to dissolve the boundary between them. By learning directly from vast streams of Earth observations, AI is starting to predict both tomorrow's storm and next century's climate within a single, unified framework. We show how this convergence is already underway, why weather and climate science have much to gain from each other, and what still stands in the way-from trust, transparency, and fairness to the energy cost of computation and the risk of widening global inequalities. Realizing this vision will demand not only better algorithms but a new culture of collaboration across scientific communities, operational centers, fields and disciplines. Done well, a unified, AI-driven Earth science could deliver faster, more reliable, and more actionable predictions-helping societies anticipate and adapt to a rapidly warming planet.