Multi-signal gate-array OFET platform for reliable D-Dimer quantification in complex biofluids.

Real-time, high-sensitivity biosensors are essential for personalized healthcare, enabling early disease diagnosis and continuous monitoring. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) sensors offer label-free detection, rapid response, and low cost, but noise interference and inherent architectural limitations hinder their use in high-throughput, multi-signal analysis. To address these issues, this study presents a gate-array-based OFET biosensor that improves detection sensitivity, stability, and analytical throughput. The integrated gate-array architecture and signal modulation strategies enable rapid acquisition of multiple transfer curves for efficient concentration analysis of unknown samples. To validate the approach, the sensor detects the thrombotic biomarker D-Dimer with an ultra-low limit of 0.354 ng/mL in PBS, well below clinical thresholds, and performs reliably in human serum and patient samples. This work introduces a robust platform for high-throughput, multi-target detection in complex biological environments, advancing next-generation biomedical diagnostics and personalized healthcare.