Stretchable OFETs Biosensors Based on Chemically Cross-Linked Glucose Oxidase for Noninvasive Sweat Glucose Detection

Wearable sensors technology is crucial for personal health monitoring. Diabetes is a global chronic metabolic disease, and its effective management relies on continuous blood glucose monitoring. However, traditional invasive testing methods carry the risk of injury, so developing highly sensitive, noninvasive wearable sweat glucose monitoring technology remains a significant challenge. This study successfully developed a stretchable organic field effect transistors (OFETs) biosensors. Through DFT calculations, the sensors functionalization interface was optimized to enable selective glucose measurement with only 1 mL of analyte. Using atomic force microscopy (AFM) technology, the sensing mechanism was thoroughly investigated. The sensors operates at a working voltage below 5 V, with a detection limit as low as 0.01 μM and a sensitivity of 152 μA mM –1 cm –2 . Additionally, it maintains excellent mechanical strain adaptability (signal fluctuation <5%) even under 100% strain and exhibits good operational stability after one month of storage. Furthermore, this study developed an integrated real-time monitoring platform: the sensor demonstrated accurate detection in real human sweat and successfully completed an 8 h body-worn test while integrating wireless readout circuitry. This work provides a validated platform for practical wearable health monitoring.