Traditional Chinese Medicine on Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem affecting 15% to 20% of adults worldwide. Vascular calcification (VC) is mediated by CKD-related mineral and bone disorders. However, no established therapy can reverse VC, making the exploration of effective treatment strategies particularly urgent. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has shown potential to improve renal function, correct calcium-phosphate metabolism disorders, and delay the progression of VC through long-term clinical practice and scientific research. This article systematically reviews clinical and basic studies on TCM for CKD-associated VC. It highlights 17 randomized controlled trials and 30 basic studies involving TCM decoctions, traditional Chinese patent medicines, single Chinese herbs, Chinese herb pairs, and the bioactive ingredients of TCM, summarizing their therapeutic effects and underlying molecular mechanisms. The review aims to provide new therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of VC in patients with CKD.