Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Membranous Nephropathy: Therapeutic Effects and Mechanistic Insights.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common pathologic subtype of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Current clinical treatment strategies for MN are limited and are associated with high incidence rates of adverse reactions and risk of recurrence. Consequently, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has gradually emerged as an alternative option for patients. In recent years, TCM has accumulated substantial clinical experience in the management of MN. This review summarizes the latest research progress on TCM interventions in MN, aiming to provide additional evidence-based medical support for its clinical treatment. The proposed mechanisms of TCM in MN primarily involve immune regulation, anti-inflammation, podocyte protection, and anti-fibrosis, as well as modulation of lipid metabolism and the renal-intestinal microecosystem.