Micronized salt and yeast extract as strategies for sodium reduction in beef burgers

This study evaluated the technological and sensory effects of micronized salt and yeast extract as sodium-reduction strategies in beef burgers. Five formulations were developed: a control (C) with 1.75% regular salt, and four formulations with 50% salt reduction: RR (0.875% regular salt), RM (0.875% micronized salt), RM1 (0.875% micronized salt +1% yeast extract), and RM2 (0.875% micronized salt +2% yeast extract). Salt reduction, the use of micronized salt, and yeast extract incorporation did not significantly affect color, pH, fat content, diameter reduction, fat retention, and some texture parameters such as springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the burgers compared with the control. Reduced-salt burgers showed higher water activity and lower ash and sodium contents than the control, with sodium levels ranging from 650 mg/100 g (RM1) to 1073.24 mg/100 g (C). They also showed higher cooking loss and lower moisture retention, while yeast extract addition increased tenderness. Lipid oxidation did not differ among raw samples; however, in cooked burgers, RM1 and RM2 exhibited significantly higher TBARS values, which remained within acceptable sensory thresholds. In the sensory evaluation, burgers with 50% salt reduction, micronized salt, and 2% yeast extract were perceived as "just right in salt" and achieved overall liking scores comparable to those of the control. These results demonstrate that the combination of micronized salt and yeast extract is an effective strategy for reducing sodium content in beef burgers without compromising sensory acceptance, offering a viable approach for the development of healthier meat products.