Mehdi Mahboobtosi, Davood Domiri Ganji, Fateme Nadalinia Chari
The study of blood flow in stenosed arteries is essential for understanding vascular diseases and improving therapeutic strategies. This work investigates the behavior of penta hybrid nanofluid (PHNF) Casson flow in porous stenosed arteries under the combined influence of gyrotactic microorganisms and magnetic fields. The objective is to develop a comprehensive model that captures the coupled effects of non-Newtonian rheology, nanoparticle suspension, arterial wall permeability, and microbial activity. To achieve this, the Differential Transformation Method (DTM) is employed as a semi-analytical approach, offering efficient and accurate solutions for nonlinear biofluid dynamics. The findings show that blood velocity rises with increasing Darcy and Grashof numbers, while it decreases with higher Casson parameters, magnetic intensities, and nanoparticle concentrations. Temperature is reduced by stronger convection but enhanced by thermal radiation, whereas microorganism concentration declines with greater flow parameter and Schmidt number. Skin friction is lowered by higher permeability and Casson effects but elevated by magnetic influence, and the Nusselt number increases with buoyancy and radiation effects. These results provide new insights into the interplay of fluid mechanics, heat transfer, and microbial dynamics in vascular systems, with potential applications in nanomedicine, targeted drug delivery, and the management of cardiovascular diseases.