Lucien Platon, Feng Lu, Didier Ménard
The World Malaria Report 2025 documents operational progress while exposing systemic vulnerabilities that could reverse two decades of gains. Several biological threats are converging in Sub-Saharan Africa: artemisinin partial resistance, parasites evading rapid diagnostic tests, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and the spread of Anopheles stephensi into urban areas. This convergence occurs as external funding drops sharply. The resulting situation presents parallels with the period preceding chloroquine failure across Sub-Saharan Africa. A critical difference exists: molecular surveillance tools can now detect resistance before clinical failure occurs. Whether this capacity translates into effective response will depend on decisions made over the coming years.