Noah S. Philip, Amanda R. Arulpragasam, Dylan Curtin, Andrew Strohman, Elsa Fouragnan, Wynn Legon
The recent discussion surrounding adverse events in focused ultrasound after magnetic resonance–identified injury (1) represents an important inflection point for the broad field of focused ultrasound. As highlighted in responses to the Rezai et al report (e.g., 2–6), focused ultrasound encompasses multiple intervention regimes with fundamentally different mechanisms of action and physiological effects. Low-intensity focused ultrasound for neuromodulation uses acoustic energy to produce reversible effects which remain within the normal physiological range (7).