Photochemical Minisci-type reactions via radical decarboxylation

The Minisci-type reaction is arguably one of the most straightforward methods for constructing C–C bonds through functionalization of heteroarenes. This radical-based strategy has been particularly valuable for preparing polysubstituted N-heterocycles and has garnered significant attention due to the predictability of the reaction outcomes based on the properties of the carbon-centered radicals and heteroarenes involved. In recent years, a novel approach has emerged: light-induced Minisci-type transformations, where C-H functionalization reactions can be promoted under mild conditions. Notably, direct decarboxylative reactions via photocatalysis have been developed without the need for pretreatment of the reaction partners, resulting in highly economical and efficient procedures. This review summarizes recent advancements in photoinduced decarboxylative Minisci-type reactions, including mechanistic explorations of the formation of diverse radicals. Moreover, these transformations are categorized by the types of radical precursors used. The potential applications and existing limitations of each protocol are also discussed in detail, aiming to provide a comprehensive toolbox and guidance for drug discovery.