Early grower perceptions and likely acceptance of RNAi-based biopesticides in Australia.

BACKGROUND: Managing pest resistance while reducing reliance on conventional chemical pesticides remains a major challenge for sustainable agriculture. RNA interference (RNAi)-based biopesticides represent an emerging class of highly specific and biodegradable pest control technologies with potential applications in integrated pest management (IPM) systems. Adoption of these novel products depends not only on proof of efficacy but also on growers' perceptions of the technology, which remains under-explored in the literature. Using the Technology Acceptance Framework (TAF), this qualitative study explored how and why Australian food and fiber growers, representatives of industry peak bodies, and agricultural advisors form perceptions of RNAi-based biopesticides and how these perceptions influence growers' potential acceptance. RESULTS: Semi-structured interviews revealed that awareness of RNAi-based biopesticides was limited. However, participants identified key conditions necessary for adoption, which included the availability of robust scientific evidence on efficacy, environmental safety, and regulatory approval. Three interrelated factors were found to shape acceptance: (i) perceived credibility of information sources; (ii) transparency of field trials and regulatory processes; and (iii) compatibility of RNAi-based biopesticides with existing pest management practices. CONCLUSION: The findings highlight the importance of evidence-based communication and stakeholder engagement to successfully facilitate the integration of RNAi-based biopesticides in Australian agriculture. Strong messages focusing on the differences between RNAi technology and genetic modification, along with the safety of RNAi technology to both humans and the natural environment will help to build trust to allow informed decision-making around the adoption of RNAi-based biopesticides within the Australian agricultural community. © 2026 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.